These test methods incorporated a saybolt universal viscometer which determined the efflux time of baby oil. An improved form adapted for steam, gas, or electric heating, appeared in 1914. There are three types of orifices available universal, furol, asphalt. Saybolt universal seconds sus is the standard measurement for lubricants, insulating oils and lighter fuel grades, and saybolt furol seconds sfs is used for heavier oils and bitumens. Saybolt universal viscosity is specified by the astm d2161. The saybolt viscometer, one of the efflux cup viscometers is the standard instrument for testing petroleum products. Saybolt twotube digital viscometer viscosity utest. Viscosity index is a measure for the change of kinematic viscosity with temperature.
Astm d216119 standard practice for conversion of kinematic. For the empirical measurement of saybolt viscosity of petroleum products at specified temperatures between 70f and 210f. Saybolt universal seconds sus the number of seconds required for 60 cubic centimetres of heated 210 f oil to flow through a calibrated orifice viscosity index number. By 3 rd refinery students 2014 2015 saybolt viscosity 1. Pta178 universal orifice regulates flow, and threads into viscometer tube in the pt82 saybolt viscometer for determining viscosity of petroleum liquids. Theredwoodviscometer,3whichisstandardinengland,isof the same general efflux type astheengler, of germany,and the saybolt universal, whichhasbeenadopted as standard for lubri. The glass capillary viscometers, shown in figure 32, are examples of the second type of viscometer used. Saybolt universal viscometer is the most commonly used, and its efflux. Stirring is done by hand with turn table arrangement without strainer, withdrawl tube and glasswares suitable to operate on 200 volts ac mains. The cannonmanning semimicro page 8 is a utube viscometer that has been modified to measure the kinematic viscosity of samples as small as 1.
Microprocessor control of temperature between ambient and 240 c 464f. Saybolt universal viscosity or to saybolt furol viscosity. Standard practice for conversion of kinematic viscosity to. Mine safety and health administration msha standard test. Alternative the digital paddle viscometer has been designed to provide a costeffective and automated alternative to older, laborintensive and less precise instrumentation and methodologies. Saybolt furol viscosity of bituminous materials at. It is inserted in the viscometer tube using the orifice wrench included with the viscometer. Oct 16, 2018 band 69, saybolt viscometer experiment. It is used to characterise lubricating oil in the automotive industry.
The viscosity can easily be calculated from shear stress from the torque and shear rate from the angular velocity. Results are reported to the nearest cp or graphically in a plot of shear stress to shear rate. In both tests, the time taken for 60 ml of the liquid, held at a specific temperature, to flow through a calibrated tube, is measured, using a saybolt viscometer. This saybolt viscometer is used to test the saybolt viscosity under a specific constant temperature.
Saybolt viscosity bath accurately determines the viscosity of petroleum liquids at temperatures from ambient to 464f 240c. This receiving flask can be used in saybolt viscometer baths. Type into the lookup section in red the known parameter ie either the viscosity or the temperature of the oil. The saybolt universal viscometer, now outdated but still sold in scientific catalogs, measures the kinematic viscosity of lubricants ref. Sep 29, 2012 the saybolt viscometer, one of the efflux cup viscometers is the standard instrument for testing petroleum products. Pdf determination of saybolt viscosity of crude oil and. The d2161 standard relates the relationship between the kinematic viscosity units of centistoke and saybolt universal second sus astm, 1972. A specialized container, held at constant temperature, is filled with the test fluid. At one time the petroleum industry relied on measuring kinematic viscosity by means of the saybolt viscometer, and expressing kinematic viscosity in units of saybolt universal seconds sus.
The viscosity is then determined as per the manufacturers instructions. Scope this test method covers the empirical procedures for determining the saybolt universal in saybolt universal seconds sus or saybolt furol viscosities in saybolt furol seconds sfs of petroleum products at specified temperatures between 21 and 99c 70 and 210f. The furol and asphalt orifices, respectively, have an efflux time of approximately, onetenth and onehundredth that of the universal. The units of elapsed time are referred to as saybolt universal. For the love of physics walter lewin may 16, 2011 duration. Saybolt chromometer, saybolt viscometer bath, saybolt colour reference standard, astm thermometers, saybolt viscosity, saybolt custom. Also available kansas road oil orifice requires k22039 wrench.
Thus, by knowing m, g, h, t, r, n1 andn2 from the experiment the mass moment of inertia i. Check astm d 2161 standard practice for conversion of kinematic viscosity to saybolt universal viscosity or to saybolt furol viscosity 2 water at 68. Saybolt viscometer at rs 9000piece saybolt viscometer. The say bolt viscometer is used for viscosity determination. Tagliabue brought the basic saybolt viscosimeter to the open market in 1905. Universal orifice for saybolt viscometer gilson co. The saybolt viscometer experiment required for the test liquid to saybolt viscometer experiment through a capillary of a known diameter of a certain factor between two marked points is measured. Test data has been found to correlate well with the saybolt viscometer method.
Efflux cup viscometers are most commonly used for fieldwork to measure the viscosity of oils, syrups, varnish, paints and bitumen emulsions. Determination of saybolt, kinematic, and shear viscosity. Determination of saybolt, kinematic, and shear viscosity for. It is applicable to all the emulsified asphalts specified in specifications d977 and d2397. Saybolt viscometer bath supports the following standards. Astm d7496 18 standard test method for viscosity of. Sep 18, 2015 the saybolt viscometer controls the heat of the fluid and the viscosity is the time is takes the fluid to fill a container. The saybolt furol viscosity test occurs at 120 f 49 c, or more recently, 50.
Kinematic viscosity of transparent and opaque liquids. Pour each oil sample in the proper container of the saybolt viscometer. Viscosity is the resistance of a fluid liquid or gas to a change in shape, or movement of neighboring portions relative to one another. Saybolt universal second is also referred to as a saybolt second universal ssu. Mar 01, 2017 for the love of physics walter lewin may 16, 2011 duration. The upper end of the tube is fitted with an over flow cap while at the lower end there is a standard outlet tube of 1. This practice is now obsolete in the petroleum industry. The first test used a saybolt universal viscometer to determine how the viscosity of baby oil changed with temperature. The advanced design of the saybolt viscometer guarantees compliance with astm d88 and astm e102 requirements, covering empirical procedures for determining saybolt universal or saybolt furol viscosities of bituminous petroleum products at specified temperatures between 2199. The saybolt viscometer controls the heat of the fluid and the viscosity is the time is takes the fluid to fill a container. The universal orifice, also known as a standard orifice, is made of stainless steel. Standardizationofthesayboltuniversal viscosimeter bywinslowh. This experiment is focused on the measurement of saybolt viscosity of crude oil and liquid petroleum product at specified temperature between 70 degf and 140 degf to check the validity of andrades equation which expresses viscosity as a function.
The unit of measure is also tirne in seconds required. Saybolt viscometer instrumentation tools inst tools. The time it takes for a 60ml sample to flow through a tube with a specified diameter furol or universal is measured and reported in seconds. Saybolt viscometer saybolt viscosity test ayalytical. This is also used for determining the saybolt furol viscosity of bituminous materials at temperatures of 250, 275, 300, 350, 400 and 450f.
It is applicable to all the emulsified asphalts specified in specifications d977 and d2397d2397m. The saybolt f urol viscometer is the same in principle as the univer sal viscorneter with the exc eption that it is designed with a larger orifice to accommodate more viscous fluid s. Procedure of saybolt viscometer experiment is explained in this video. Astm d88 saybolt viscosity covers the measurement of viscosities of petroleum products at temperature between 21 and 99c 70. These viscometers are used to measure kinematic viscosity. Astm d244, astm d88, d244, e102, aashto t72 designed for saybolt universal and furol viscosity testing, this constant temperature bath meets all astm and aashto requirements for precise temperature control. Examine the vessels to determine where the 60 ml mark is e. Type into the reference section in blue the viscosity in cst at the temperature of the oil under investigation. Not all conversions of these units are valid for any value, some of them have been in its time created by the authors eg ford in an empirical way, others can not be translated. Newtons law of viscosity, given above, is a constitutive equation like. Standardization of the saybolt universal viscosimeter.
Kinematic and dynamic viscosity of diesel, biodiesel, and. The utb0 saybolt viscometer is used to determine empirical measurement of saybolt viscosity of petroleum products at specified temperatures. Saybolt universal seconds sus is the standard measurement for lubricants, insulating oils and lighter fuel grades, and saybolt furol seconds sfs. For measuring the viscosityof oils the two most commonly used efflux viscosimeters are the saybolt. Viscometer tubes k22009 saybolt viscometer tube, brass k22309 saybolt viscometer tube, stainless steel orifices k22010 saybolt.
Of these types, the universal orificesaybolt universal viscometer is most commonly used and its efflux time is designated as saybolt universal seconds sus. Mar 02, 2018 procedure of saybolt viscometer experiment is explained in this video. Saybolt viscometers, bitumen testing equipment, controls. Saybolt universal seconds t can be converted to kinematic viscosity v by the following equations. Standard test procedure determining viscosity of a.
The furol and asphalt orifices, respectively, have an efflux time of approximately, onetenth and onehundredth that of the universal orifice. Determination of saybolt, kinematic, and shear viscosity for a. Both tests are considered obsolete to other measures of kinematic viscosity, but their results are quoted widely in technical literature. Measure the time t for 60 ml of the fluid to drain from a. This practice 2 covers the conversion tables and equations for converting kinematic viscosity in mm 2 s at any temperature to saybolt universal viscosity in saybolt universal seconds sus at the same temperature and for converting kinematic viscosity in mm 2 s at 122 f and 210 f 50 c and 98. Determines the time required for 60ml of sample to flow through a calibrated orifice under precisely controlled conditions. Saybolt universal seconds sus is the standard measurement for lubricants, insulating oils, and lighter fuel grades, and saybolt furol seconds sfs is used for heavier oils and bitumens. Buy saybolt viscometer manufacturers and suppliers. Study 26 terms engine lubrication flashcards quizlet. The saybolt universal viscosity test occurs at 100 f 38 c, or more recently, 40 c 104 f. Saybolt viscosimeter national museum of american history.
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